SOAL READING TOEFL - Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 #

Zico Firzatulah
17115402 - 4KA30
Jatibening 2
Bekasi, 17412
blackorbzft@gmail.com & zico_firza@hotmail.com

Friday, 26 April 2019

Soal Reading TOEFL, Jawaban dan Pembahasan

NOMOR 1 - 13

Soal TOEFL: Reading

(1) Hot boning is an energy-saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received significant attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with muscle. It (5) is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.

Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2 (10) percent to 4 percent due to evaporation of moisture the meat tissue.

Early excision, or hot boning , of muscle prerigor followed be vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and cost are minimized, boning labor is decreased, and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often result in the toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been (15) used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis.

Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.

1. The word "accentuated" in the line 2 is closest in meaning to.

 (A) de-emphasized

(B) speeded up

(C) caused

(D) highlighted.

Penjelasan:

1. Jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan D. Kalimat itu mengindikasikan bahwa kebutuhan untuk memelihara energy sudah semakin highlighted (jelas/terbuka).

2. All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning EXCEPT

(A) Storage space requirements

(B) Energy waste

(C) Loss of carcass weight

(D) Toughness of meat

Penjelasan: 2. Jawaban yang sesuai yaitu D. Yang dipertanyakan oleh soal yaitu terkait apa yang TIDAK menjadi drawback dari conventional method. Kita lihat dari pilihan jawaban kita lihat bahwa pilihan D Toughness of meat merupakan drawback dari hot boning (metode pengganti conventional method). Sementara pilihan lain A, B, dan C merupakan drawback dari conventional method.

3. In the line 2, the word "pressure" is closest in meaning to

(A) urgency

(B) weight

(C) flavor

(D) cooking texture

Penjelasan: 3. (A) kalimat di atas mengindikasikan bahwa ada urgency dalam memelihara energy.

4. Hot boning is becoming very popular because

(A) it causes meat to be very tender

(B) it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods

(C) meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat

(D) it reduces the weight of the carcass

Penjelasan: 4. Soal bagian ini mempertanyakan terkait alasan metode Hot Boning menajadi sangat popular pada saat ini. Itu berarti hal yang mesti kita pilih terkait kelebihan yang dipunyai oleh Hot Boning . Kelebihan yang mana menutupi kekurangand ari metode conventional. Yang sangat sesuai akan kelebihan dari metode Hot Boning pada pilihan jawaban yatitu pilihan B.

5. In the line 7, "carcass" is nearest in meaning to

(A) a refrigerator for the animal body

(B) a method of boning meat

(C) electrical stimulation of beef

(D) early excision

Penjelasan: 5. (A) Jika Anda mengetahui bahwa carcass meruapakan sinonim dari body dan to chill sinonim dari to cool maka akan lebih cepat. Tapi tanpa mengetahui arti kata secara pasti pun, Anda tetap bias mengetahui sinonim dari kata carcass chiller hanya dengan membaca teks. Anda bisa melihat bahwa objeck yang dibacarakan dalam bacaan terkait meat. Dan carcass termasuk benda yang di cooling (lihat baris 5). Dan dari kata chiller, Anda bisa mengetahui bahwa chiller mengarah ke suatu alat dengan alasan penggunaan akhiran –er. Olehnya, Anda hanya perlu mencari jawaban yang menandakan suatu alat.

6. In the line 11, "early excision" is closest in meaning to

(A) vacuum packaging

(B) hot boning

(C) carcass chilling

(D) electrical stimulation

Penjelasan: 6. (B) Sangat jelas. Penggunaan kata or menandakan bahwa early excision merupakan kata lain dari hot boning. Jawabannya yaitu B.

7. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by

(A) following hot boning with electrical stimulation

(B) tenderizing the meat

(C) using electrical stimulation before hot boning

(D) removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor

Penjelasan: 7. Jawaban dari soal ini dapat Anda lihat pada paragraf ke tiga "Because hot boning often result in the toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis." Toughening of meat merupakan salah satu masalah dalam penggunaan metode hot boning. Masalah ini telah di -combatted dengan "hot boning following electrical stimulation" atau "following hot boning with electrical stimulation."

8. The word "bovine" in line 3 is nearest in meaning to

(A) cold

(B) electrically stimulated

(C) beef

(D) pork

Penjelasan: 8. Bovine bermakna daging sapi. Jadi pilihan yang tepat yaitu C beef.

9. The word "this" in line 16 refers to

(A) hot boning

(B) hot boning following electrical stimulation

(C) rigor mortis

(D) removing edible muscle and fat prerigor

Penjelasan: 9. Menjawab soal TOEFL reading terkait referensi artikel termasuk hal yang mudah. Anda bisa melihat kalimat sebelum dari letak artikle yang dipertanyakan. Artikel this merupakan referensi kata dari hot boning.

10. In line 3, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to

(A) deboned meat

(B) body

(C) refrigerator

(D) fat

Penjelasan: 10. Keseluruhan bacaan membahas tentang perlakuan pada body of dead animal yang mana disebut dengan sebutan carcass. Jawaban yang benar yaitu B.

11. The word "considerable" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) frigid

(B) kind

(C) lesser

(D) substantial

Penjelasan: 11. Kata considerable memodifikasi kata amount (jumlah). Itu berarti makna considerable harus menjadi ukuran besar atau kecil. Considerable amount mesti bermakna jumlah yang besar atu mungkin jumlah yang kecil. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada jawaban A dan D tidak sesuai dengan konteks ini. Sementara jawaban C (Lesser) juga tidak karena lesser menandakan adanya yang dibandingkan (masuk dalam kategori comparison). Semnetara dalam kalimat kita tidak melihat ada yang dibandingkan. Jadi jelas jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban D.

12. One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that

(A) it makes the meat more tender

(B) the bones are able to be used for other purposes

(C) it increases chilling time

(D) it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded

Penjelasan: 12. Bacaan di atas menyatkan bahwa metode hot boning menghasilkan daging yang lebih kuat (tougher meat) jadi jawaban A jelas salah. Bacaan tidak membahasa terkait penggunaan (purposes) dari bone jadi jawaban B juga jelas salah. Bagian C juga sangat jelas salah; meningkatkan waktu memasak (menghabiskan waktu yang lebih lama) tentu saja bukan hal yang menguntungkan. Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban D.

13. The word "trimmable in line 4 is nearest in meaning to

(A) unsaturated

(B) removable

(C) unhealthy

(D) chillable

Penjelasan: 13. Trimmable berasal dari kata trim yang bermkana to cut atau to remove. Jadi jawaban yang benar adalah B

NOMOR 14 – 20

Tampa, Florida, owes a great deal of its growth and prosperity to a Cuban cigar manufacturer named Vicente martinez Ybor. When civil war broke out in 1869, he was forced to flee his country, and he moved his business to south Florida. Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West caused him to seek a better location along the west coast of the state. He bought a forty-acre tract of land and made plans to set up his cigar factory on the site. This original sixteen-block stretch of land later expanded to one hundred acres near Tampa. This newly developed area was called Ybor City in his honor. Spanish, Italian, and Cuban immigrants flocked to the area as the demand for workers in the cigar factory increased. One fifth of the city’s twenty thousand resident enjoyed the high-paying jobs there. At the end of the 1800s, Jose Marti, a Cuban poet and freedom fighter, organized a revolution from Ybor City and managed to get considerable support for his movement. Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” were stationed there during the Spanish-American War in 1898. Much of the prosperity of this region is due to Ybor’s cigar factory established more than one hundred years ago.

14. Where is Ybor City located?

A. South Florida

B. Cuba

C. West Florida

D. Marti

Penjelasan: 14. Soal ini menanyakan di mana lokasi Ybor City. Dari kalimat "Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West caused him to seek a better location along the west coast of the state" dapat diketahui bahwa lokasi dari Ybor City terletak di West Florida. Jawaban yang benal ialah pilihan C.

15. The word “flee” in line 4 means most nearly the same as

A. Escape

B. Return to

C. Fight

D. disembody

Penjelasan: 15. "Flee" merupakan sinonim dari "escape" yang bermakna meninggalkan atau meloloskan diri dari .... Pilihan yang benar ialah A. Escape.

16. The word “seek” in line 6 is closest in meaning to

A. Purchase

B. Pursue

C. Elude

D. develop

Penjelasan: 16. "Seek" mempunyai makna yang sama dengan kata pursue bermakna mencari. Pilihan jawaban yang sesuai ialah pilihan B. 

17. Why will people probably continue to remember Ybor’s name?

A. He suffered a great deal

B. An area was named in his honor

C. He was a Cuban revolutionary

D. He was forced to flee his homeland

Penjelasan: 17. Jawaban yang  benar yaitu B. Dari bacaan dapat diduga / disimpulkan bahwa Ybor akan dikenang karena nama Ybor City diagkat atas penghormatan terhadap Ybor (An area was named in his honor).

18. In line 12, the word “flocked” is closest in meaning to

A. Came in large numbers

B. Escaped hurriedly

C. Increased rapidly

D. Prospered greatly

Penjelasan: 18. "Flocked" dalam klaimat tersebut bermakna "came in large numbers." Kunci jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan A.

19. In the early years, how many residents of Ybor City worked in the cigar factory

A. 4,000

B. 5,000

C. 10,000

D. 20,000

Penjelasan: 19. Jawaban yang sesuai bacaan yaitu pilhan A. Jawaban soal ini bisa didapatkan dari kalimat "One fifth of the city’s twenty thousand residents enjoyed the high-paying jobs there." one fifth of twenty thousands (1/5 x 20,000) = four thousand (4,000).

20. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The Spanish-American War

B. Cuban Contributions in the Development of Ybor City

C. Ybor’s Contribution to developing part of the Tampa Area

D. The Process of Cigar Manufacturing

Penjelasan: 20. Secara keseluruhan bisa dilihat reading di atas membahas terkait "Ybor’s Contribution to developing part of the Tampa Area." Jawaban yang tepat ialah C.