Zico Firzatulah
17115402 - 4KA30
Jatibening 2
Bekasi, 17412
blackorbzft@gmail.com & zico_firza@hotmail.com
Friday, 26 April 2019
Soal Reading TOEFL, Jawaban dan Pembahasan
NOMOR 1 - 13
Soal TOEFL: Reading
(1) Hot boning is an energy-saving technique for the meat processing
industry. It has received significant attention in recent years when increased
pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient
methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling an entire carcass requires a
considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are
cooled along with muscle. It (5) is also necessary to space the carcasses
adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of
microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass
chillers.
Conventional
handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36
hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated
with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2 (10) percent to 4 percent due to
evaporation of moisture the meat tissue.
Early
excision, or hot boning , of muscle prerigor followed be vacuum packaging has
several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat
prerigor, refrigeration space and cost are minimized, boning labor is
decreased, and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often result in the
toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical
stimulation, has been (15) used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis.
Some
researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while
others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical
stimulation.
1. The word
"accentuated" in the line 2 is closest in meaning to.
(A)
de-emphasized
(B) speeded
up
(C) caused
(D)
highlighted.
Penjelasan:
1. Jawaban yang benar yaitu
pilihan D. Kalimat itu mengindikasikan bahwa kebutuhan untuk memelihara energy
sudah semakin highlighted (jelas/terbuka).
2. All of
the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning
EXCEPT
(A) Storage
space requirements
(B) Energy
waste
(C) Loss of
carcass weight
(D)
Toughness of meat
Penjelasan: 2. Jawaban yang sesuai yaitu D. Yang dipertanyakan oleh soal
yaitu terkait apa yang TIDAK menjadi drawback dari conventional method. Kita
lihat dari pilihan jawaban kita lihat bahwa pilihan D Toughness of meat
merupakan drawback dari hot boning (metode pengganti conventional method).
Sementara pilihan lain A, B, dan C merupakan drawback dari conventional method.
3. In the
line 2, the word "pressure" is closest in meaning to
(A) urgency
(B) weight
(C) flavor
(D) cooking
texture
Penjelasan: 3. (A) kalimat di atas mengindikasikan bahwa ada urgency dalam
memelihara energy.
4. Hot
boning is becoming very popular because
(A) it
causes meat to be very tender
(B) it helps
conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods
(C) meat
tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat
(D) it
reduces the weight of the carcass
Penjelasan: 4. Soal bagian ini mempertanyakan terkait alasan metode Hot
Boning menajadi sangat popular pada saat ini. Itu berarti hal yang mesti kita
pilih terkait kelebihan yang dipunyai oleh Hot Boning . Kelebihan yang mana
menutupi kekurangand ari metode conventional. Yang sangat sesuai akan kelebihan
dari metode Hot Boning pada pilihan jawaban yatitu pilihan B.
5. In the
line 7, "carcass" is nearest in meaning to
(A) a
refrigerator for the animal body
(B) a method
of boning meat
(C)
electrical stimulation of beef
(D) early excision
Penjelasan: 5. (A) Jika Anda mengetahui bahwa carcass meruapakan sinonim
dari body dan to chill sinonim dari to cool maka akan lebih cepat. Tapi tanpa
mengetahui arti kata secara pasti pun, Anda tetap bias mengetahui sinonim dari
kata carcass chiller hanya dengan membaca teks. Anda bisa melihat bahwa objeck
yang dibacarakan dalam bacaan terkait meat. Dan carcass termasuk benda yang di
cooling (lihat baris 5). Dan dari kata chiller, Anda bisa mengetahui bahwa
chiller mengarah ke suatu alat dengan alasan penggunaan akhiran –er. Olehnya,
Anda hanya perlu mencari jawaban yang menandakan suatu alat.
6. In the
line 11, "early excision" is closest in meaning to
(A) vacuum
packaging
(B) hot
boning
(C) carcass
chilling
(D)
electrical stimulation
Penjelasan: 6. (B) Sangat jelas. Penggunaan kata or menandakan bahwa early
excision merupakan kata lain dari hot boning. Jawabannya yaitu B.
7. The
toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by
(A)
following hot boning with electrical stimulation
(B)
tenderizing the meat
(C) using
electrical stimulation before hot boning
(D) removing
only the edible muscle and fat prerigor
Penjelasan: 7. Jawaban dari soal ini dapat Anda lihat pada paragraf ke tiga
"Because hot boning often result in the toughening of meat, a more recent
approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce
the necessary time of rigor mortis." Toughening of meat merupakan salah
satu masalah dalam penggunaan metode hot boning. Masalah ini telah di
-combatted dengan "hot boning following electrical stimulation" atau
"following hot boning with electrical stimulation."
8. The word
"bovine" in line 3 is nearest in meaning to
(A) cold
(B)
electrically stimulated
(C) beef
(D) pork
Penjelasan: 8. Bovine bermakna daging sapi. Jadi pilihan yang tepat yaitu C
beef.
9. The word
"this" in line 16 refers to
(A) hot
boning
(B) hot
boning following electrical stimulation
(C) rigor
mortis
(D) removing
edible muscle and fat prerigor
Penjelasan: 9. Menjawab soal TOEFL reading terkait referensi artikel
termasuk hal yang mudah. Anda bisa melihat kalimat sebelum dari letak artikle
yang dipertanyakan. Artikel this merupakan referensi kata dari hot boning.
10. In line
3, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to
(A) deboned
meat
(B) body
(C)
refrigerator
(D) fat
Penjelasan: 10. Keseluruhan bacaan membahas tentang perlakuan pada body of
dead animal yang mana disebut dengan sebutan carcass. Jawaban yang benar yaitu
B.
11. The word
"considerable" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) frigid
(B) kind
(C) lesser
(D)
substantial
Penjelasan: 11. Kata considerable memodifikasi kata amount (jumlah). Itu
berarti makna considerable harus menjadi ukuran besar atau kecil. Considerable
amount mesti bermakna jumlah yang besar atu mungkin jumlah yang kecil. Dari
pilihan jawaban yang ada jawaban A dan D tidak sesuai dengan konteks ini.
Sementara jawaban C (Lesser) juga tidak karena lesser menandakan adanya yang
dibandingkan (masuk dalam kategori comparison). Semnetara dalam kalimat kita
tidak melihat ada yang dibandingkan. Jadi jelas jawaban yang benar yaitu
jawaban D.
12. One
reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that
(A) it makes
the meat more tender
(B) the
bones are able to be used for other purposes
(C) it
increases chilling time
(D) it saves
cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded
Penjelasan:
12. Bacaan di atas menyatkan bahwa metode hot
boning menghasilkan daging yang lebih kuat (tougher meat) jadi jawaban A jelas
salah. Bacaan tidak membahasa terkait penggunaan (purposes) dari bone jadi
jawaban B juga jelas salah. Bagian C juga sangat jelas salah; meningkatkan
waktu memasak (menghabiskan waktu yang lebih lama) tentu saja bukan hal yang
menguntungkan. Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban D.
13. The word
"trimmable in line 4 is nearest in meaning to
(A)
unsaturated
(B)
removable
(C)
unhealthy
(D)
chillable
Penjelasan: 13. Trimmable berasal dari kata trim yang bermkana to cut atau
to remove. Jadi jawaban yang benar adalah B
NOMOR 14 – 20
Tampa, Florida, owes a great deal of its growth
and prosperity to a Cuban cigar manufacturer named Vicente martinez Ybor. When
civil war broke out in 1869, he was forced to flee his country, and he moved
his business to south Florida. Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key
West caused him to seek a better location along the west coast of the state. He
bought a forty-acre tract of land and made plans to set up his cigar factory on
the site. This original sixteen-block stretch of land later expanded to one
hundred acres near Tampa. This newly developed area was called Ybor City in his
honor. Spanish, Italian, and Cuban immigrants flocked to the area as the demand
for workers in the cigar factory increased. One fifth of the city’s twenty
thousand resident enjoyed the high-paying jobs there. At the end of the 1800s,
Jose Marti, a Cuban poet and freedom fighter, organized a revolution from Ybor
City and managed to get considerable support for his movement. Teddy
Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” were stationed there during the Spanish-American War
in 1898. Much of the prosperity of this region is due to Ybor’s cigar factory
established more than one hundred years ago.
14. Where is Ybor City located?
A. South Florida
B. Cuba
C. West
Florida
D. Marti
Penjelasan: 14. Soal ini menanyakan di mana lokasi Ybor City. Dari kalimat
"Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West caused him to seek
a better location along the west coast of the state" dapat diketahui bahwa
lokasi dari Ybor City terletak di West Florida. Jawaban yang benal ialah pilihan C.
15.
The word “flee” in line
4 means most nearly the same as
A. Escape
B. Return to
C. Fight
D. disembody
Penjelasan: 15. "Flee" merupakan sinonim dari
"escape" yang bermakna meninggalkan atau meloloskan diri dari
.... Pilihan yang benar ialah A. Escape.
16.
The word “seek” in line 6 is closest
in meaning to
A. Purchase
B. Pursue
C. Elude
D. develop
Penjelasan: 16. "Seek" mempunyai makna yang sama
dengan kata pursue bermakna mencari. Pilihan
jawaban yang sesuai ialah pilihan B.
17.
Why will people probably continue to
remember Ybor’s name?
A. He suffered a great deal
B. An area
was named in his honor
C. He was a
Cuban revolutionary
D. He was
forced to flee his homeland
Penjelasan: 17. Jawaban yang benar
yaitu B. Dari bacaan dapat diduga / disimpulkan bahwa
Ybor akan dikenang karena nama Ybor City diagkat atas penghormatan terhadap
Ybor (An area was named in his honor).
18. In line 12, the
word “flocked” is closest in meaning to
A. Came in large numbers
B. Escaped
hurriedly
C. Increased
rapidly
D. Prospered
greatly
Penjelasan: 18. "Flocked" dalam klaimat tersebut
bermakna "came in large numbers." Kunci jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan A.
19.
In the early years, how many
residents of Ybor City worked in the cigar factory
A. 4,000
B. 5,000
C. 10,000
D. 20,000
Penjelasan: 19. Jawaban yang sesuai bacaan
yaitu pilhan A. Jawaban soal ini bisa didapatkan dari kalimat
"One fifth of the city’s twenty thousand residents enjoyed the high-paying jobs there."
one fifth of twenty thousands (1/5 x 20,000) = four thousand (4,000).
20. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Spanish-American War
B. Cuban
Contributions in the Development of Ybor City
C. Ybor’s Contribution
to developing part of the Tampa Area
D. The
Process of Cigar Manufacturing
Penjelasan: 20. Secara keseluruhan bisa dilihat reading di atas
membahas terkait "Ybor’s Contribution to developing part of the Tampa
Area." Jawaban yang tepat ialah C.
